Title: Inequality of Educational Opportunities and Digital Literacy in Indonesia
Author: Yollanda Alvis
Affiliations : Master of Economics Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia
Publisher: Universitas Airlangga
Abstract
Inequality of educational opportunities is an educational problem and also an economic problem in Indonesia that cannot be underestimated. Educational attainment is a basic input in the formation of income which will later improve the quality of life and individual welfare. Unequal differences in educational attainment due to exogenous factors when access to equal opportunities results in inequality of educational opportunities. Technological advances require various parties to have digital literacy. Digital literacy is considered an effective and integral tool in the field of education because it supports the quality and quantity of education. It is hoped that digital literacy will also reduce inequality of educational opportunities. This research aims to determine the condition of inequality of educational opportunities and analyze the relationship between digital literacy and inequality of educational opportunities in Indonesia. The method used in this research is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis and proportion analysis using secondary data from the 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) from the National Statistics Agency (BPS) covering school age children 12-18 years. The results of this research show that there is inequality of educational opportunities in Indonesia. Inequality of educational opportunities is significantly influenced by gender, Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) subsidies, highest education of the head of the household, number of household members and per capita expenditure. The national index is 0.045 with the highest index in Riau Islands Province and the lowest in Papua Province at 0.013 and 0.158. The largest digital literacy index is in DI Yogyakarta Province and the smallest is in East Nusa Tenggara Province at 0.635 and 0.096. There is a significant negative relationship between inequality of educational opportunities and digital literacy in Indonesia. The majority of provinces on the island of Java have the most ideal conditions. In contrast, the majority of provinces in the eastern region have conditions that are at least ideal.
Keywords: Inequality of Educational Opportunities, Digital Literacy, Education
