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Badri Munir Sukoco
Professor at the Faculty of Economics and Business
Universitas Airlangga

Last month (4 May 2020), President Joko Widodo officially postponed the simultaneous Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) from September to December 2020. Even though Perppu 7/2020 has been signed, it is possible that the implementation of the 2020 Pilkada will change again depending on the situation of the Covid-19 pandemic.

These simultaneous regional elections are certainly very strategic for Indonesia in the next 5 years, especially in supporting the achievement of the vision of the Advanced Indonesia Cabinet to be free from ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????. One of the focuses of the work program is transforming the Indonesian economy. Changing from dependence on natural resources to modern manufacturing and services that are competitive and have high added value.

So far, most of the issues raised by regional head candidates still revolve around the figures they support and their supporting parties. The vision and work program are relatively not significantly different from ???????????????????????????????????????? as well as the populist issues that were previously raised. If the simultaneous regional elections in 2020 have relatively the same vision and work program, we can be sure that the task of the Advanced Indonesia Cabinet in achieving its vision will be even more difficult. This is because the simultaneous regional elections will be attended by 270 regions (49.27% ​​of the total 548 regions), with details of 9 provinces (26.47%), 37 cities (37.76%), and 224 districts (53.85%) .

The question is ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????ℎ ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????ℎ????????????, ???????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????

???????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????

One city that is currently a reference for economic transformation is Pittsburgh in the United States. Since the late 1800s, the city has been known as a steel town (+300 steel mills). Many great entrepreneurs of the early 20th century were born, one of which was Andrew Carnegie, one of the founding philanthropists of ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? (CMU). When deindustrialization occurred in the 1970-1980s, this city lost its attractiveness to live in.

However, since the late 1990s, this city began an economic transformation by relying on the education sector with CMU motorbikes and ?????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????ℎ (Pitt) who has ???????? ???????????? And ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????ℎ that was great. Other sectors that are a mainstay are the health and high technology sectors. Currently there are 6 companies ??????????????????????????? 500 ber- ℎ????????????-??????????????? in Pittsburgh, more than 1,600 high-tech companies (including Google and GlaxoSmithKline) are mostly incubated by CMU. Currently, Pittsburgh has about 80,000 STEM-related employment positions, much higher than any other city that ????ℎ???????????????????????? ????. ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????ℎ ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????? absorbs the largest workforce, namely 55,000 people with an income of +Rp. 150 trillion; Meanwhile, Pitt itself has 10,700 employees with an operational budget of +Rp. 30 trillion in 2020. This is what makes Pittsburgh's per capita income since 2010 higher than the US national average.

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In the case of Pittsburgh, the presence of 2 world-class universities has a central role in transforming the steel city into a city focused on high value-added industries. The high reputation of CMU (??????????????????? ????????????ℎ???????? ????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????? – THE WUR #27) and Pitt (#113) are major draws for top talent to work in the city of Pittsburgh. Apart from that, the technology and tolerance offered by world-class universities facilitate their growth and development ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? and fulfills the 3T elements (???????????????????????????, ????????????ℎ??? ?????????????????????, ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? –Florida, 2012) to transform the city of Pittsburgh.

It needs to be realized that local governments do not have all the resources needed to transform their economies. Not only does having world-class universities, but the involvement of various actors in the regional economic ecosystem is very important for carrying out economic transformation. This is what underlies the importance of a transformation ecosystem, consisting of various actors who collaborate, compete and complement each other to grow dynamically over time.

In the journal ?????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????, Talmar et al. (2020) proposed the ecosystem pie model (EPM). This model consists of 4 dimensions: ???????????????????????????????????? (????), ??????????????????????????????????????? (????), ?????????????????????-???????????????????? (?????????), ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? (???????). For example, the ecosystem ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? which was built by the city of Penang, one of the cities that has successfully carried out its economic transformation since the early 2000s. Data from ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????ℎ???????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? shows that more than 50% of foreign patients (a total of 1.2 million people in 2018) come from Indonesia. The total value of these health services in 2017 was +Rp. 4.14 trillion. Of all Indonesian patients, 60% of patients choose Penang as a place for treatment considering quality but affordable health services. The health services relied on are cardiology (the main target for Indonesian patients) and fertility (the main target for Chinese patients).

In building this health service ecosystem, the involvement of higher education institutions (PT) is needed which provides ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? (both doctors and nurses), hospital managers, hotel managers, tourist attraction managers, airline companies, Penang city government, and financing institutions (banks). The R that the university has is the latest knowledge and technology in the health sector, and this is facilitated by the existence of the University Sains Malaysia - USM (QS WUR #165) in Penang. What A does is do research and men- ????????????????????????????????? World class specialist doctors and nurses. USM and other universities in Penang also offer VA by providing research and ??????????????????????????????????? ????? Latest on cured diseases. The income from research licenses and the technology used is the VC obtained.

What is the role of city government? The R owned is in the form of public service licensing rights and provides subsidy funds originating from regional taxes. What can be done includes synergizing all actors who play a role in the development of ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? in Penang. The VA establishes regional regulations by providing incentives in the form of tax exemption for 3 years. The VC obtained will be in the form of increased regional economic growth, per capita income, and the satisfaction index of city residents will increase.

The same analysis is also carried out for other actors in the ecosystem ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? This. Of course, at the activity level, each actor can help each other to accelerate existing implementation. For example, managers of hospitals, hotels, tourist attractions, or airline companies can ask for tax reductions if they are involved in this ecosystem, or PTs ask for facilitation from health service providers so that their students can have internships or apply for research funded, and so on.

One of the areas that has succeeded in carrying out regional economic transformation is Banyuwangi Regency. By making tourism a strategic sector, Regent Abdullah Azwar Anas was able to increase per capita income from Rp. 20.8 million in 2010 to Rp. 48.7 million in 2018. This was followed by a decline in the poverty rate from double digits to 7 percent in the same period. Successful economic transformation occurs due to the involvement of interested actors (????????????????????ℎ??????????????????? ??????) accompanied by a well-planned tourism ecosystem design, as developed by Penang for medical tourism and Pittsburgh for education, health and high technology.

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At the national level, the President has determined that one of the focuses of his cabinet is economic transformation so that Indonesia is free from ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????. Of course, this national policy needs to be followed by regional heads. The moment of the 2020 simultaneous regional elections is very crucial, because almost 50% of regional heads change or continue their positions according to the choice of the people. It is time for the people not only to be given a choice that only highlights the figures of regional head candidates or their supporting parties, but also what economic transformation will be brought about so that the welfare of the population will increase.

Regional head candidates can use the EPM framework in planning their regional economic transformation and orchestrating it when elected. Regional head candidates in the regional election campaign will be able to start introducing what strategic industries will be built if elected based on ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????, ????????????????????? ?????????????????????, ???????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????. Next, of course, develop the ecosystem design based on the EPM framework. The hope, ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? offered and promised in the campaign convinced constituents of the need for regional economic transformation so that prosperity rose significantly.

Source: https://republika.co.id/berita/qc78cb2825000/pilkada-dan-transanggaran-